Editing 1048 (section)

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>
===By place===

==== Byzantine Empire ====
* [[September 18]] &ndash; [[Battle of Kapetron]]: A combined Byzantine-Georgian army, under Byzantine generals [[Aaronios]] and [[Katakalon Kekaumenos]] (supported by the Georgian duke [[Liparit IV, Duke of Kldekari|Liparit IV]]), confronts the invading [[Seljuk Empire|Seljuk Turks]], led by [[Ibrahim Inal]] (a half-brother of Sultan [[Tughril]]), at Kapetron (near modern-day [[Pasinler, Erzurum|Pasinler]]). The Byzantines defeat their opposing Turkish forces in the flanks, but in the centre Ibrahim Inal captures Liparit, and can safely withdraw from Byzantine territory, laden with spoils and captives, including Liparit.<ref>{{cite book | last=Beihammer | first=Alexander Daniel | title=Byzantium and the Emergence of Muslim-Turkish Anatolia, ca. 1040–1130 | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2017 | isbn=978-1-351-98386-0 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HyYlDwAAQBAJ | pages=77–79}}</ref>
* Winter &ndash; Emperor [[Constantine IX Monomachos|Constantine IX]] sends an embassy with gifts and a ransom, to release Liparit IV to Tughril. However, the sultan sets Liparit free, on the condition that he will never again fight the Seljuks.

==== Europe ====
* Winter &ndash; [[Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor]] appoints his cousin, Bishop [[Pope Leo IX|Bruno of Toul]] (related to the counts of [[Eguisheim|Egisheim-Dagsburg]] in [[Upper Alsace]]) as successor of Damasus II at an [[Popular assembly|assembly]] at [[Worms, Germany|Worms]].
* The city of [[Oslo]] is founded by King [[Harald Hardrada]] of [[Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)|Norway]] (approximate date).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tripadvisor.com/Travel-g190479-s1/Oslo:Norway:Inside.html |title=Inside Oslo: Inside |publisher=Trip Advisor |access-date=25 March 2010}}</ref>

==== England ====
* 1048 or 1066 &ndash; End of the [[Viking Age]]: [[Vikings]] make an unsuccessful raid on the [[Kingdom of England]]; The raiders flee to [[County of Flanders|Flanders]] (modern [[Belgium]]).<ref name=CBH>{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=Alan|last2=Palmer |first2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=50–51|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}</ref>
* King [[Edward the Confessor]] goes to war against Flanders, blockading the [[English Channel]] with a fleet based at [[Sandwich, Kent]].<ref name=CBH/>

==== China ====
* Catastrophic [[1048 Yellow River flood|Yellow River flood]] in [[Northern Song]] China; the river changes its course until 1194.

===By topic===

====Religion====
* [[July 16]] &ndash; At orders of Henry III, German troops under [[Boniface III, Margrave of Tuscany]] ("of Canossa"), enter [[Rome]] and expel [[Pope Benedict IX]].
* [[July 17]] &ndash; Pope [[Pope Damasus II|Damasus II]] succeeds Benedict IX as the 151st [[pope]] of the [[Catholic Church]], but dies after 23 days.
* December &ndash; Bruno von Egisheim-Dagsburg, bishop of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Toul|Toul]], is selected as the new pope by an assembly at Worms - after canonical election in Rome next February, he assumes the name [[Pope Leo IX]].</onlyinclude>