Editing 103 BC (section)

== Events ==
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=== By place ===
==== Roman Republic ====
* [[Gaius Marius]] prepares a campaign against the [[Ambrones]] and [[Teutons|Teutones]] (under king [[Teutobod]]) who are settled in [[Gaul]]. 
* Tryphon and Athenion lead the [[Second Servile War]] in [[Sicily]].

==== Judea ====
* [[Alexander Jannaeus]] succeeds his brother [[Aristobulus I]] as king and high priest of [[Judea]], until [[76 BC]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=VanderKam |first1=James C. |title=From Joshua to Caiaphas: High Priests After the Exile |publisher=Fortress Press |year=2004 |isbn=9781451410662 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qEhSNN_x8HUC |page=318}}</ref>

==== Asia ====
* [[War of the Heavenly Horses]] 
:*After having fought their way west across arid regions, the [[Han dynasty|Han]] expeditionary force under [[Li Guangli]] fails to capture the [[Dayuan]] city of Yucheng and returns east to the area of Dunhuang, having lost 90% of their men. 
:* [[Emperor Wu of Han]] reinforces Li Guangli's army with 60,000 men, numerous horses and beasts of burden, and more than fifty high-ranking officers. Li Guangli's army then returns west.<ref>{{cite book|first=Hing Ming|last= Hung|title=The Magnificent Emperor Wu: China's Han Dynasty|year= 2020|isbn=978-1628944167|pages= 198–199}}</ref>
* [[Han-Xiongnu War]] 
:* Spring – After the [[Xiongnu]] Left Commander offers to kill [[Er Chanyu]] and surrender to the Han, Emperor Wu sends the Han general Zhao Ponu with an army of 20,000 to invade Xiongnu territory. When Zhao reaches the [[Altay Mountains]], the commander's conspiracy is discovered, and after killing the commander, Er marches against Zhao but suffers an initial defeat.
:* Summer – The Han army retreats south, but the Xiongnu surround them. After capturing Zhao Ponu during the night, the Xiongnu defeat and force the surrender of the Han soldiers.
:* The Xiongnu invade parts of China and unsuccessfully attack Shouxiang.<ref>{{cite book|first=Hing Ming|last= Hung|title=The Magnificent Emperor Wu: China's Han Dynasty|year= 2020|isbn=978-1628944167|pages= 198–199, 206–208}}</ref>
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