Foreign relations of Guinea
Template:Short description Template:Politics of Guinea The foreign relations of Guinea, including those with its West African neighbors, have improved steadily since 1985.<ref>Background Note: Guinea, US Department of State, February 2009</ref>
Diplomatic history
[edit]Guinea re-established relations with France and West Germany in 1975, and with neighboring Ivory Coast and Senegal in 1978.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Guinea has been active in efforts toward regional integration and cooperation, especially regarding the Organisation of African Unity and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS).Template:Citation needed
Guinea has participated in both diplomatic and military efforts to resolve conflicts in Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Guinea-Bissau, and contributed contingents of troops to peacekeeping operations in all three countries as part of ECOMOG, the Military Observer Group of ECOWAS.<ref>ECOMOG: peacekeeper or participant?, BBC News Online, February 11, 1998</ref> In the 1990s, Guinea hosted almost a million refugees fleeing the civil wars in Sierra Leone and Liberia.<ref name=":1">Template:Cite web</ref> As of 2004, Guinea maintained a policy of unrestricted admission to refugees.<ref name=":1" />
Guinea is also a member of the International Criminal Court with a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the United States military (as covered under Article 98).<ref>Status of US Bilateral Immunity Agreements (BIAs). Coalition of the International Criminal Court</ref>
2009 ambassador recall
[edit]On 5 May 2009, President Moussa Dadis Camara, who seized power in a bloodless coup which followed the 22 December 2008 death of President Lansana Conté, announced the recall of 30 of Guinea's ambassadors to other countries.<ref name="seattle">Template:Cite news</ref> The order was made by a presidential decree on state television and was the first major diplomatic move made by the new leader.<ref name="seattle"/>
The decision affected ambassadors to the United States, South Korea, the People's Republic of China, France, the United Kingdom, Russia, Egypt, South Africa, Italy, Japan, Brazil, Cuba, Switzerland, Serbia, Malaysia, Iran, the United Arab Emirates, Senegal, Nigeria, Libya, Ghana, Algeria, Morocco, Gabon, Liberia, Sierra Leone and Guinea-Bissau, comprising almost all of Guinea's foreign embassies.<ref name="seattle"/><ref name="TTC"/><ref name="annapolis">Template:Cite news</ref> The Guinean representatives to the European Union, the United Nations and the African Union were also affected.<ref name="seattle"/><ref name="TTC"/>
No reason was stated for the recall.<ref name="TTC">Template:Cite news</ref> The Tocqueville Connection states: "Most of the ambassadors were appointed by former prime minister Lansana Kouyaté, in office from February 2007 until May 2008,"<ref name="TTC"/> raising the possibility that the recall was an attempt on the part of Camara to distance himself from the previous government.
In late March 2009, the Guinean ambassador to Serbia faced expulsion for personal involvement in cigarette smuggling (1,000 packs of cigarettes were found in his BMW) but avoided arrest due to diplomatic immunity (although he was declared as persona non grata).<ref>Ambasador Gvineje švercovao cigarete</ref>
2021 coup d'etat
[edit]The September 5, 2021 coup d'état brought swift condemnation and threats of sanctions from the United Nations, the African Union, the West African regional bloc ECOWAS (which suspended Guinea), and close allies of Guinea—as well as the United States—among others.<ref name="guinea_coup_leader_2021_09_06_reuters">"Guinea coup leader bars foreign travel for government officials," Reuters News Service, retrieved September 6, 2021</ref><ref name="us_relations_2021_09_05_state_gov">"On the Military Seizure of Power in Guinea," September 5, 2021, United States Department of State, retrieved September 6, 2021</ref><ref name="leaders_suspend_guinea_2021_09_08_bbc">"West African leaders suspend Guinea from Ecowas following coup," September 9, 2021, BBC News, retrieved September 9, 2021</ref> China, uncharacteristically, also openly opposed the coup.<ref name="china_is_ok_2021_09_foreign_policy">"China Is OK With Interfering in Guinea's Internal Affairs,", September 8, 2021, Foreign Policy retrieved September 9, 2021</ref>
Diplomatic relations
[edit]List of countries which Guinea maintains diplomatic relations with:
Bilateral relations
[edit]| Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Template:Flag | 2004 | Both countries established diplomatic relations in 2004<ref name=":31">Template:Cite book</ref>
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| Template:Flag | 26 February 1962 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 February 1962 when first Ambassador of Guinea to Dahomey Mr. Leon Maka presented his credentials to President Maga.<ref name=":17">Template:Cite book</ref> |
| Template:Flag | 28 March 1962 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 March 1962<ref name=":18">Template:Cite web</ref>
|
| Template:Flag | 29 August 1968 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 August 1968 when Guinea's first Ambassador to Chad, Mr. Filly Cissoko, presented his credentials to President Tombolbaye<ref name=":24">Template:Cite book</ref> |
| Template:Flag | 4 October 1959 | See China–Guinea relations
The People's Republic of China and the Republic of Guinea established diplomatic relations on October 4, 1959, making Guinea the first country in Sub-Saharan Africa to establish formal relations with China.<ref name=":9">Template:Cite book</ref> China has become heavily dependent upon Guinea for bauxite (aluminum ore) -- Guinea's principal export—consuming half of it.<ref name="china_is_ok_2021_09_foreign_policy" /> |
| Template:Flag | 11 August 1981 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 August 1981 when Ambassador of Guinea M. Moussa Doumbouya, has presented his credentials to President of Comoros M. Ahmed Abdallah Abderemane.<ref name=":26">Template:Cite book</ref> |
| Template:Flag | 1 July 1968 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 July 1968 when Guinea's Ambassador to the Congo Republic, M. Fily Sissoko, presented his credentials to President Massamba-Debat.<ref name=":23">Template:Cite book</ref> |
| Template:Flag | 21 March 1961 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 March 1961,<ref name=":13">Template:Cite web</ref> was were broken in September 1973 and re-established on 14 April 1978<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> |
| Template:Flag | 21 January 1959 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 January 1959 and appointed M. Nobi Youla as first ambassador of Guinea to France and M. Francis Hure appointed as chargé d'affaires of France to Guinea<ref name=":5">Template:Cite book</ref>
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| Template:GER | 30 July 1959 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 July 1959<ref name=":8">Template:Cite web</ref>
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| Template:Flag | 1958 |
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| Template:Flag | 10 January 1983 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 January 1983 when first Ambassador of Guinea to Haiti (resident in New York) Mr. Alpha Ibrahima Diallo presented his credentials to President Jean Claude Duvalier<ref name=":27">Template:Cite book</ref> |
| Template:Flag | 27 April 1960 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 April 1960<ref name=":12">Template:Cite book</ref>
|
| Template:Flag | 12 January 1959 | See Guinea–Israel relations
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 January 1959.<ref name=":3">Template:Cite book</ref> Guinea broke off diplomatic relations with Israel on 12 June 1967<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> They resumed diplomatic relations on 20 July 2016<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> |
| Template:Flag | 6 March 1959 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 March 1959 when Mr. Edward Peal, the Liberian Ambassador to the Republic of Guinea, presented his credentials to President S. Toure.<ref name=":7">Template:Cite book</ref>
|
| Template:Flag | 1993 | Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1993.<ref name=":28">Template:Cite web</ref>
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| Template:Flag | 25 January 1962 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 January 1962<ref name=":16">Template:Cite web</ref>
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| Template:Flag | 18 September 2002 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 September 2002 when has been accredited non-resident Ambassador of Guinea to Namibia Mr. Alexandre CeCe Loua.<ref name=":30">Template:Cite book</ref> |
| Template:Flag | 8 October 1958 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 October 1958<ref name=":0">Template:Cite web</ref>
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| Template:Flag | 28 June 1967 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 June 1967 when Guinean ambassador to Rwanda M. Fily Cissoko, has presented his credentials to President Kiyibanda.<ref name=":21">Template:Cite book</ref> |
| Template:SRB | 10 November 1959 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 November 1959<ref name=":10">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name=":11">Template:Cite web</ref>
|
| Template:Flag | 20 October 1961 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 October 1961 when Mr. Abdoul Karim, Ambassador of Sierra Leone to Guinea presented his credentials to President Sekou Toure.<ref name=":15">Template:Cite book</ref> |
| Template:Flag |
| |
| Template:Flag | 28 August 2006 |
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| Template:Flag | 24 August 1961 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 August 1961 when first Guinean Ambassador to Sudan (resident in Cairo) Mr. Seydou Diallo, presented his credentials to Presidenr Abbud<ref name=":14">Template:Cite book</ref> |
| Template:Flag | 11 October 1962 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 October 1962<ref name=":19">Template:Cite web</ref>
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| Template:Flag | 22 July 1966 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 July 1966 when the Guinean Ambassador to Uganda, M. B. Biro, presented his credentials to President Obote.<ref name=":20">Template:Cite book</ref> |
| Template:Flag | 2 June 1995 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 June 1995<ref name=":29">Template:Cite web</ref> |
| Template:Flag | Template:Date table sorting | See Foreign relations of the United Kingdom
Guinea established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 28 May 1959.<ref name="britain"/>Template:Failed verification
Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic co-operation pact,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> the International Criminal Court, and the World Trade Organization. |
| Template:Flag | 13 February 1959 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 February 1959<ref name=":6">Template:Cite web</ref>
See Guinea – United States relations Guinea became the first French African colony to gain independence, on 2 October 1958, at the cost of the immediate cessation of all French assistance. After a temporary suspension due to nationwide political unrest in early 2007, the Peace Corps program in Guinea resumed operations at the end of July. Prior to the suspension, Peace Corps had more than 100 volunteers throughout the country, and the program is gradually increasing its numbers again. Volunteers work in four project areas: secondary education, environment/agro-forestry, public health and HIV/AIDS prevention, and small enterprise development. Guinea has also had a strong Crisis Corps program through the last few years. The U.S. "condemned" Guinea's "2008 military coup d'etat,"—but had "close relations" with Guinea before the coup, and after "Guinea's presidential elections in 2010"—in support of "democratic reform."<ref name="us_relations_2018_10_30_state_gov">"U.S. Relations With Guinea," October 30, 2018, United States Department of State, retrieved September 6, 2021</ref> However, the U.S. State Department immediately condemned the September 5, 2021 coup d'état, warning against "violence and any extra-constitutional measures, [which] could limit the ability of the United States and Guinea's other international partners to support the country..."<ref name="guinea_coup_leader_2021_09_06_reuters" /><ref name="us_relations_2021_09_05_state_gov" />
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| Template:Flag | 9 October 1958 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 October 1958<ref name=":2">Template:Cite web</ref>
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| Template:Flag | 10 November 1967 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 November 1967 when the first Guinean Ambassador to Zambia, Mr. Fily Cissoko, presented his credentials to President Kaunda<ref name=":22">Template:Cite book</ref> |
| Template:Flag | 30 April 1980 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 April 1980 when first Ambassador of Guinea to Zimbabwe presented his credentials.<ref name=":25">Template:Cite book</ref> |
See also
[edit]References
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