Prince Claus of the Netherlands

Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox royalty

File:Landgoed Dötzingen te Hitzacker Geboortegrond van prins Claus, Bestanddeelnr 017-1177.jpg

Schloss Dötzingen, birthplace of Claus von Amsberg

Prince Claus of the Netherlands, Jonkheer van Amsberg (born Klaus-Georg Wilhelm Otto Friedrich Gerd von Amsberg; 6 September 1926 – 6 October 2002) was Prince of the Netherlands from 30 April 1980 until 6 October 2002, as the husband of Queen Beatrix.

Initially a diplomat in the service of West Germany and West German deputy ambassador to Ivory Coast, Claus met Beatrix on New Year's Eve 1963 and married her in 1966. When his wife ascended to the throne in 1980, Claus took his place as Prince of the Netherlands, which he held until his death in 2002.

Biography

Klaus-Georg Wilhelm Otto Friedrich Gerd von Amsberg was born on his mother's family's estate, Schloss Dötzingen, Hitzacker, Germany, on 6 September 1926.<ref name=marlise>Template:Cite news</ref> He was the second child and only son of Claus Felix von Amsberg and his wife, Baroness Gösta von dem Bussche-Haddenhausen. His father, by birth a member of House of Amsberg which belonged to the untitled German nobility from Mecklenburg, operated a large farm in Tanganyika (formerly German East Africa) from 1928 until World War II. His mother belonged to the ancient von dem Bussche noble family which originated from the County of Ravensberg. From 1938, Claus and his six sisters grew up on their maternal grandmother's estate in Lower Saxony; he attended the Friderico-Francisceum-Gymnasium in Bad Doberan from 1933 to 1936 and a boarding school in Tanganyika from 1936 to 1938.<ref name="Guardian-Obituary"/>

Claus was a member of such Nazi youth organisations as Deutsches Jungvolk and the Hitler Youth.<ref name=marlise/><ref>Hitler Youth: Prelude to War 1933–1939. The History Place. Retrieved on 23 April 2014.</ref> From 1938 until 1942, he attended the German Baltenschule Misdroy in what is now Międzyzdroje, Poland.

In 1944, Claus was conscripted into the German Wehrmacht, becoming a soldier in the German 90th Panzergrenadier Division in Italy in March 1945.<ref name="Guardian-Obituary"/> He was taken prisoner of war by the American forces at Meran before taking part in any fighting.<ref name="Guardian-Obituary"/> After his repatriation, he finished school in Lüneburg and studied law in Hamburg. He then joined the German diplomatic corps and worked in Santo Domingo and Ivory Coast. In the 1960s, he was transferred to Bonn.<ref name="WP-Obituary">Template:Cite news</ref>

Claus met Princess Beatrix for the first time on New Year's Eve 1963 in Bad Driburg at a dinner hosted by the Count von Oeynhausen-Sierstorpff, who was a distant relative of both of them. Claus and Beatrix were also distantly related (5th cousins twice removed), as both being descendants from von dem Bussche family. They met again at the wedding-eve party of Princess Tatjana of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg and Moritz, Landgrave of Hesse, in the summer of 1964. With memories of German oppression still very strong 20 years after the war, sections of the Dutch population were unhappy that Beatrix's fiancé was a German and former member of the Hitler Youth. Nonetheless, Queen Juliana gave the engagement her blessing<ref name="Guardian-Obituary"/> after giving serious thought to canceling it. The engagement was approved by the States-General—a necessary step for Beatrix to remain in the line of succession to the throne—in 1965. He was granted Dutch citizenship later that year and changed the spellings of his names to Dutch.

The couple were married on 10 March 1966. Their wedding day saw violent protests, most notably by the anarchist-artist group Provo. They included such memorable slogans as "Claus, 'raus!" (Claus, get out!) and "Mijn fiets terug" (Give me back my bike), a reference to the memory of occupying German soldiers confiscating Dutch bicycles. A smoke bomb was thrown at the wedding carriage by a group of Provos.<ref name=marlise/><ref name="Guardian-Obituary">Template:Cite news</ref> For a time, it was thought that Beatrix would be the last monarch of the Netherlands.

However, over time, Claus became accepted by the public, so much so that during the last part of his life he was considered by some to be the most popular member of the royal family.<ref name="Guardian-Obituary"/><ref>Template:In lang Máxima en Claus populairste Oranje-leden</ref> This change in Dutch opinion was brought about by Claus's strong motivation to contribute to public causes (especially Third World development, on which he was considered an expert), his sincere modesty and his candor (within but sometimes on the edge of royal protocol).

The public also sympathised with Claus for his efforts to give meaning to his life beyond the restrictions that Dutch law imposed on the royal family's freedom of speech and action. However, these restrictions were gradually loosened; Claus was even appointed as senior staff member at the Department of Developing Aid, albeit in an advisory role.

One example of his attitude toward protocol was the "Declaration of the Tie". In 1998, after presenting the annual Prince Claus Awards to three African fashion designers, Claus told "workers of all nations to unite and cast away the new shackles they have voluntarily cast upon themselves", meaning the necktie, that "snake around my neck,"<ref name=marlise/> and encouraged the audience to "venture into open-collar paradise". He then removed his tie and threw it on the floor.<ref>Template:In lang Claus' speech in which he removes his tie, among other video fragments Template:Webarchive</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Claus battled depression for a number of years, and underwent surgery in 1998 to remove his prostate. In 2001, he underwent another surgery to remove one of his kidneys. He eventually died on 6 October 2002 from Parkinson's disease and heart failure.<ref name="WP-Obituary"/>

Activities

As a husband of the heir, Claus was a member of the National Advisory Council for Development Cooperation and its Bureau, and was a chair of the National Committee for Development Strategy 1970‑1980 and the Netherlands Development Organization. He also worked as special advisor to the Minister for Development Cooperation. He held these positions until 1980.<ref name="royalhouse2">Template:Cite web</ref>

On 30 April 1980, Claus' mother-in-law, Queen Juliana, abdicated in favour of Princess Beatrix, who became Queen of the Netherlands.<ref name="royalhouse3">Template:Cite web</ref> After the investiture, the couple visited the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba.<ref name="royalhouse3"/> As a prince consort, Prince Claus frequently visited public organisations, commercial and industrial enterprises, and companies in the agriculture and fisheries sector.<ref name="royalhouse3"/>

In 1984, Claus became the Inspector General for Development Cooperation, member of the Board of Directors of De Nederlandsche Bank N.V. (until 1998), member of the Board of Directors of Royal PTT Nederland, and Chair of the Transport and Public Works Platform.<ref name="royalhouse"/>

Claus was an honorary chair of the National Coordinating Committee for the Protection of Monuments and Historic Buildings and the King William I Foundation. He was also a patron of the Concertgebouw Orchestra and Scouting Netherlands.<ref name="royalhouse">Template:Cite web</ref>

On Claus' seventieth birthday, the Prince Claus Fund for Culture and Development was established on the initiative of the Dutch government. The fund focused on enhancing understanding of cultures and promoting interaction between culture and development.<ref name="royalhouse"/>

Declining health and death

File:Funeral of Prince Claus of the Netherlands.jpg

Funeral of Prince Claus

Claus suffered various health problems, such as depression, cancer and Parkinson's disease. He died of complications of pneumonia and Parkinson's at the Academic Medical Center in Amsterdam on 6 October 2002 after a long illness, aged 76.<ref name="WP-Obituary" /> He died less than four months after the birth of his first grandchild.

Claus was interred in the royal family's tomb in Delft on 15 October. It was the first full state funeral since Queen Wilhelmina's in 1962.

Titles, styles, honours, and arms

File:Royal Standard of the Prince Consort of the Netherlands (1980–2002).svg

Standard of Claus as Prince-consort of the Netherlands.

File:Royal Monogram of Prince Claus of the Netherlands.svg

Royal monogram

File:Coat of Arms of Prince Claus of the Netherlands.svg

Coat of arms of Prince Claus of the Netherlands

Titles

6 September 1926 – 16 February 1966: Klaus von Amsberg
16 February 1966 – 10 March 1966: Claus van Amsberg
10 March 1966 – 30 April 1980: His Royal Highness Prince Claus of the Netherlands, Jonkheer van Amsberg<ref name="titels">Template:Cite web</ref>
30 April 1980 - 6 October 2002: His Royal Highness The Prince of the Netherlands

Honours

Prince Claus was also appointed Honorary Fellow of the International Institute of Social Studies (ISS) in 1988. Prince Claus was held in very high esteem in the international development cooperation community, partly because of his considerable insight and understanding of the problems involved, and partly because of his exceptional gift for expressing the hopes and anxieties felt by all.

Ancestry

Template:Ahnentafel

Issue

Name	Birth	Death	Marriage		Children
Name	Birth	Death	Date	Spouse	Children
King Willem-Alexander	27 April 1967		2 February 2002	Máxima Zorreguieta Cerruti	Catharina-Amalia, Princess of Orange Princess Alexia Princess Ariane
Prince Friso	25 September 1968	12 August 2013	24 April 2004	Mabel Wisse Smit	Countess Luana Countess Zaria
Prince Constantijn	11 October 1969		17 May 2001	Laurentien Brinkhorst	Countess Eloise of Orange-Nassau Count Claus-Casimir of Orange-Nassau Countess Leonore of Orange-Nassau

Template:Clear

References

Template:Reflist

External links

Template:Commons category

Template:S-start Template:S-hou Template:S-roy |- Template:S-bef Template:S-ttl Template:S-vac Template:S-end

Template:Dutch consorts Template:Dutch princes

Template:Authority control