Aeroméxico

Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Refimprove Template:Infobox airline

Aerovías de México, S.A. de C.V.<ref>"Report on Actions of Social Responsibility." Aeroméxico. 41 (43/44). Retrieved on 4 December 2010. "Paseo de la Reforma 445, Col. Cuauhtémoc. C.P. 06500 México D.F."</ref> (Template:Lit) operating as Aeroméxico (Template:IPAc; styled as ATemplate:ScMTemplate:Sc), is the flag carrier<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> of Mexico based in Mexico City. It operates scheduled services to more than 90 destinations<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> in Mexico, North, South and Central America, the Caribbean, Europe, and Asia. Its main base and hub is Mexico City International Airport, with secondary hubs in Guadalajara and Monterrey.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The headquarters is in the Torre MAPFRE on Paseo de la Reforma.

Grupo Aeroméxico includes Aeroméxico and Aeroméxico Connect (regional subsidiary). The group currently holds the No. 2 place in domestic market share behind Volaris, with 24.2%; and No. 1 place in international market share with 15.8%, in the 12 months ending March 2020, becoming Mexico's largest international airline group.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Aeroméxico is one of the four founding members of the SkyTeam airline alliance, along with Air France, Delta Air Lines and Korean Air.

Aeroméxico works closely with the U.S. carrier Delta Air Lines, which owns part of Aeroméxico and in 2015 announced its intention to acquire up to 49% of the latter's shares. On 8 May 2017, a joint commercial agreement (JCA), came into effect, whereby the airlines share information, costs, and revenues on all their flights between the United States and Mexico.<ref name=dpr>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=strib/>

In 2016, Aeroméxico flew 19.703 million passengers (up 5.0% vs. previous year), of which 13.047 million domestic (+3.7%) and 6.656 million international (+7.6%). It flew 34.776 million revenue passenger kilometers (RPKs), had 43.362 million available seat kilometers (ASKs), and an 80.3% load factor.

History

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1934

File:Aeromexico.png

The former logo of Aeroméxico.

The airline was established as Aeronaves de México on 15 September 1934,<ref name="FI">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=":0">Template:Cite book</ref> by Antonio Díaz Lombardo. Its first aircraft was a Stinson SR Reliant 5A (registered XB-AJI<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>). Julio Zinser piloted the maiden flight on the Mexico City – Acapulco route on 14 September 1934.

File:Aeromexico Mexico Acapulco ca 1935.jpg

An early Bellanca aircraft of Aeroméxico, México City – Acapulco ca. 1935.

File:Bristol 175 302 XA-MED Aeronaves JFK 1958 edited-2.jpg

Aeronaves de Mexico Bristol Britannia at New York International Airport in 1958.

1940s

When World War II began, the airline continued to grow with the help of Pan Am, which owned 40% of the new Mexican airline and upgrade the fleet with DC-2s and Boeing 247s.<ref name=":0" /> Aeroméxico saw few changes for the next two decades. However, during the 1950s, renovation began, and the airline took over various small competitor companies across the country, including Aerovías Guest (the second airline of the country at that time) that held the routes to Madrid and Paris. Aeroméxico added aircraft including the Douglas DC-3 and its successor, the Douglas DC-4.

1950s

During the late 1950s, the Douglas DC-4s were replaced by some pressurized Douglas DC-6s and two Bristol Britannias (the first turboprop passenger aircraft in the fleet) and in 1958, services were inaugurated to Idlewild Airport (now JFK) using the Britannias.<ref name=":0" /> The Mexico City-New York route would prove profitable for "Aeronaves" and its North American competitors. The airline was nationalised in 1959.<ref name=":0" />

1960s

In the early 1960s, the fleet of Aeronaves de México (Aeroméxico) included Douglas DC-3, Douglas DC-6, and Bristol Britannia aircraft. Starting in 1961, "Aeronaves" began replacing its piston-engined aircraft with new jets. The first jet-engined aircraft were a pair of Douglas DC-8s. The DC-8s were used on routes within Mexico and to New York City. In 1963, Aeronaves de México (Aeroméxico) took over Aerovias Guest airlines and they were merged under the name Aeronaves de México.<ref name=":0" /> Later in the 1960s, more DC-8s were added and service to Europe was resumed, operated by two de Havilland Comet 4C jet aircraft dry-leased by Aerovías Guest prior to the merger.

1970s

File:Douglas DC-8-51 XA-SID Aeronaves TOR 26.03.71 edited-3.jpg

An Aeronaves de Mexico Douglas DC-8 at Toronto International Airport in 1971.

The 1970s brought dramatic changes for Aeroméxico. In 1970, under a government plan, Mexican domestic airlines were nationalized into an integrated air transport system under the control of Aeronaves de México. The system included eight smaller carriers, although these were later disbanded.<ref name="FI"/> During the early 1970s, the remaining Douglas DC-6 and Bristol Britannia aircraft were retired. A new color scheme (orange and black) was introduced and the airline changed its name from "Aeronaves de México" to its current, shortened version of Aeroméxico in February 1972.

One of Aeronaves de Mexico's subsidiaries during that era was named Aeronaves del Sureste ("Southeast Air Ships").<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> That subsidiary had a mix of Twin-Otter and DC-9 jets aircraft.

Aeroméxico, as one of the launch customers of the McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30 program, received the first of its aircraft in 1974. That same year, the airline also took delivery of its first seven McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32s.Template:Cn

File:Aero Mexico DC-9 XA-DEN 01.jpg

First flight on April 8, 1974 and delivered to Aeroméxico on May 21, 1974. The aircraft on July 27, 1981 landing at Chihuahua General Roberto Fierro Villalobos International Airport, with bad weather conditions, overran the runway threshold, the fuselage broke and caught fire causing 30 fatalities among 66 occupants.

During this period, the airline's popularity and visibility grew dramatically. This was due in part to Aeroméxico's involvement in Mexican movies. Basically, every time characters in any movie produced in Mexico had to fly somewhere, they were depicted as flying on Aeroméxico aircraft.Template:Cn

1980s

Template:Unsourced section The early 1980s were marked by expansion. A new color scheme was introduced (orange paint and silver),<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> two DC-10-15s and a DC-10-30 were added in 1981 and in 1984. Aeroméxico, one of the launch customers of the McDonnell Douglas MD-82 (an elongated version of the DC-9), received its first two in late 1981. Between 1980 and 1981, eight more DC-9-32 aircraft were added. On 31 August 1986, the company suffered its only fatal accident outside Mexico when Aeroméxico Flight 498, a Douglas DC-9, approaching Los Angeles International Airport was struck by a light aircraft. Both aircraft then fell to earth in the Los Angeles suburb of Cerritos, California. All 64 passengers and crew on board the DC-9-32 were killed, as were the three people in the light aircraft and 15 people on the ground. After three years and a long trial, the aircraft's crew and the airline were found not to blame. This was because the pilot of the Piper had strayed into an air traffic control zone reserved for commercial flights. That same year, the airline acquired the charter carrier GATSA and used it for charter operations until December. In April 1988, the state-owned company was declared bankrupt and grounded for three months because of lack of organization, a fleet with an average of 20 years without a renovation plan and a depredating administration by the Mexican Government. In August, a privatization program was underway. This involved retiring the eight Douglas DC-8s along with the remaining ten DC-9-15 aircraft. After a strike and bankruptcy between April and May 1988, a privatization process started and included a new corporate name (Aerovias de Mexico SA de CV). The airline restarted operations with some of its predecessor's assets, including the headquarters building, maintenance hangar, some aircraft, and some former Aeronaves de Mexico employees.

1990s

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File:145bz - AeroMexico Boeing 767-200, XA-TNS@CDG,11.08.2001 - Flickr - Aero Icarus.jpg

An Aeroméxico Boeing 767-200ER at Charles de Gaulle Airport in Paris in 2001.

The early 1990s were turbulent times, with the rise in fuel costs due to the Gulf War, and a domestic fare war caused by start-up airlines like TAESA, Servicios Aéreos Rutas Oriente, Aviacsa, among others, as well as constant labor problems. In April 1991, the first two 767-200ERs were introduced to the fleet to replace DC-10s in services to Europe, New York, and Tijuana, and another two 767-300ERs joined the fleet later that year. This was all a part of a renovation and expansion program to introduce 24 direct flights to Madrid and Paris from Mexico City with Boeing 767s as well as services to Frankfurt via Paris and Rome via Madrid.

In 1992, Grupo Aeroméxico was among other investors that failed to consummate the acquisition of Continental Airlines. After failing to invest in Continental, Aeroméxico acquired the bankrupt Aeroperú from the Peruvian government.<ref name=":0" />

In 1993, Aeroméxico Group took over Mexicana, the second-largest airline in the Mexican market under the same management.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> There was a great dispute in June 1993 with the pilot union regarding the transfer of flights to regional subsidiary Aeromonterrey, which had non-union pilots.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Between 1994 and 1995, the six DC-10 aircraft in the fleet were finally retired. Their last revenue flight was in 1995.

In December 1994, three weeks after Carlos Salinas de Gortari left the office, the first of several devaluations in the next 18 months started, giving way to the Mexican peso crisis. As a consequence, Aeroméxico had to cut capacity and flights to Frankfurt and Rome were canceled, four McDonnell Douglas MD-80s and four Boeing 767s were returned to their lessors, early retirement for pilots and other staff was underway, and a new Boeing 767 due for delivery in April 1995 was instead transferred to another airline. Flights to Madrid and Paris were operated only by two Boeing 767-300ER jets.

In 1996, Cintra was created to prevent the two main carriers from going bankrupt. Some Boeing 757s of Aeroméxico's original renovation program were transferred to Mexicana and Aeroperú. The market and the airline recovered between 1996 and 1998; eight McDonnell Douglas MD80s were leased back along with two Boeing 767-200ERs.

The sale of Grupo Cintra was scheduled after several delays in September 1999, and with the looming presidential elections in 2000, everything was delayed once again. The ruling party lost the election after 70 years in office and all the policies changed. Due to the recession in 2000, the new government put everything on hold, waiting for better economic conditions to start the stock sell-off, and just when everything was about to start, the 11 September 2001 attacks occurred and nothing materialized since the two main carriers, Mexicana and Aeroméxico, were losing large amounts of money.

2000s

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File:Aeromexico Boeing 737-700 Airwim-1.jpg

An Aeroméxico Boeing 737-700 in 2004.

Between 2000 and 2005, Aeroméxico had an average fleet of 60 aircraft in mainline operation, plus 20 in Aerolitoral, as well as five CEOs during this time. On 22 June 2000, the airline, along with Air France, Delta, and Korean Air, founded the SkyTeam global airline alliance. After 9/11 and the Iraq War, it pursued a fleet renovation program. In 2003, the airline acquired its first Boeing 737-700 instead of the Boeing 717 as a replacement for its aging DC-9 aircraft. On 29 March 2006, Aeroméxico CEO Andrés Conesa announced the inauguration of direct flights between Japan and Mexico City via Tijuana. This was after the purchase of two Boeing 777-200ERs, making Aeroméxico the third airline in Latin America to fly regularly to Asia, after Varig and the now-defunct VASP. Since Varig's demise, Aeroméxico is currently the only airline with this service. Aeroméxico resumed its Mexico City-Tijuana-Shanghai route twice a week as of 30 March 2010. Suspension of this flight was due to the 2009 flu pandemic.

On 29 June 2006, the International Lease Finance Corporation (ILFC) and Aeroméxico announced that the airline would operate three Boeing 787 Dreamliners. Aeroméxico's deliveries were scheduled to begin in early 2012. From 2006, Consorcio Aeroméxico S.A. de C.V., the parent company of Aeroméxico at the time, faced large debts and had no profits to pay them off, so it offered Aeroméxico for sale in 2007. In early October, a week-long auction was held, with Grupo Financiero Banamex, a unit of Citigroup, competing against the Saba family. On 17 October 2007, Banamex offered the highest bid and purchased the airline for US$249.1 million. In October 2010, Aeroméxico's largest competitor, Mexicana de Aviacion, filed for bankruptcy and was placed in administration.

2010s

Delta/Aeroméxico alliance

In 2011, Delta Air Lines and Aeroméxico signed an enhanced commercial alliance, building on an original agreement from 1994.<ref name=delta2015>Template:Cite web</ref> The 2011 agreement provided for codeshare on all the carriers' Mexico–US flights; Delta investing US$65 million in Aeroméxico shares; and Delta gaining a seat on the Aeroméxico board of directors.

In March 2014, the airlines opened Tech Ops Mexico, a US$55 million joint maintenance, repair, and overhaul facility in Queretaro City, Mexico.<ref>Template:Cite press release</ref>
In March 2015, the airlines filed applications for antitrust immunity, a first step in the creation of a US$1.5 billion joint cooperation agreement (JCA) that will allow Delta and Aeroméxico to jointly sell, and share costs and profits on all Mexico–U.S. routes.<ref name=delta2015/>
In May 2015, Mexican regulator approved the JCA; and in the same month, the Mexican Senate approved Open Skies between the U.S. and Mexico.
In November 2016, the DOT approved the joint venture under strict conditions that the airlines give up slots in both Mexico City and New York-JFK.
In December 2016, the two airlines made the final agreement to go forward with the JV and antitrust immunity was granted.<ref name=strib>Template:Cite news</ref>
In February 2017, Delta announced an offer to acquire additional shares of Aeroméxico, up to 49%.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
On 8 May 2017, the joint commercial agreement went into effect, whereby the airlines share information and jointly determine routes and pricing on all U.S.-Mexico flights, and share costs and profits.<ref name=dpr/>

Dreamliners

On 25 July 2012, Aeroméxico CEO Andrés Conesa announced the purchase of six Boeing 787-9 Dreamliners. The new order was added to the package of 20 aircraft that the company had announced in 2011 and nine more Boeing 787-8 Dreamliners already provided. The delivery of the Dreamliners began in the summer of 2013. The total investment is US$11 billion and includes the acquisition of 90 Boeing 737 MAX 8s, which began delivering from 2018.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The airline took delivery of its first Boeing 787-8 Dreamliner (sourced from the ILFC order book) in early August 2013 and officially launched commercial service on 1 October 2013. Between 2013 and 2015, the remaining eight were delivered (seven leased and two owned by Aeroméxico outright).<ref name="Air Transport World">Template:Cite web</ref>

In September 2016, Aeroméxico received its first Boeing 787-9 Dreamliner. This particular frame, registered XA-ADL, is named after and painted in a unique commemorating Quetzalcoatl, a major figure in Aztec culture of pre-Hispanic Mexico, as the result of a "Design in the Air" competition hosted by the airline inviting students at select universities in Mexico to submit a potential design to be painted on the airframe.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Branded fares

In February 2018, Aeroméxico introduced a new branded fares structure, which included a new Basic fare that did not contain a checked luggage allowance, nor did it allow for seat assignments, upgrades, or changes.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

2020

Bankruptcy

The COVID-19 pandemic deeply affected the global aviation industry, including Aeroméxico.<ref>Template:Citation</ref> Aeroméxico's stock dropped during first half of 2020 and rumors about bankruptcy.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> On June 30, Aeroméxico voluntarily filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in the United States.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> However, day-to-day operations continued as the company restructured. Existing tickets were honored and employees continued to be paid as usual.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

On July 1, 2021, shareholder Delta Air Lines announced it would purchase $185 million of the Mexican airline's Chapter 11 debt.Template:Citation needed

On August 28, 2024, Aeroméxico unveiled a new livery in celebration of the airline's 90th anniversary.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Corporate affairs

Headquarters

Its headquarters are in Colonia Cuauhtémoc, Cuauhtémoc Borough, Mexico City.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Subsidiaries

Aeroméxico Connect, formerly Aerolitoral, a regional airline based at Monterrey International Airport

Former subsidiaries

Aeroméxico Express was a commuter airline based at Monterrey International Airport. It was a partnership between Aeroméxico and Aeromar. It ceased to exist in June 2016 when the two wet-leased ATR 72-600 it used to operate its routes were returned to Aeromar.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Aeroméxico Contigo, Aeroméxico's brand for select U.S.-Mexico flights<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Aerovias Guest
Aeroperú, Peru's national flag carrier based in Lima International Airport
Mexicana, from 1993 to 1995
Aeromexpress, a cargo handler based at Mexico City International Airport in Mexico City
Aeroméxico Travel, a charter airline based in Cancún International Airport

File:Aeroméxico Boeing 787-9 Dreamliner XA-ADL (Quetzalcoatl special livery) at JFK Airport (2016).jpg

An Aeroméxico Boeing 787-9 Dreamliner painted in special Quetzalcoatl livery.

Corporate Image

1960s–1970s – Mexico's largest airline
1990s – La línea aérea mas puntual del mundo.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Before 2009 – Travel the world (Vamos por el mundo)<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
2010–2012 – A donde te lleven tus sueños.
2012–2013 – Nunca nos detenemos.
2013–present – La línea que nos une.
2016–present – La línea de los Mexicanos y del mundo.
English slogan: "Mexico's Global Airline"<ref name="aeromexico.com">aeromexico.com</ref>

Technology

File:22-APR-2022 - AM15 GRU-MEX (B787-9 - N183AM).jpg

An Aeroméxico Boeing 787-9 economy class cabin.

In 2016, Aeroméxico added 2Ku WiFi service by Gogo to some 737-800 aircraft,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> including access to Netflix. On its Dreamliners, it added Panasonic broadband Internet, and on Embraer narrow-body aircraft, streaming entertainment via Gogo's Gogo Vision.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>Template:Primary source inline

In July 2016, the airline launched a completely new website and new check-in kiosks at Mexico City Airport.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> That same year, the airline also co-sponsored the launch of startup accelerator MassChallenge in Mexico.<ref>Template:Cite press release</ref>

In August 2017, the company became the Mexico launch customers of digital agency MediaMonks and together, they released a new mobile app.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Controversies

Aeroméxico has been accused of racist behavior, with allegations including removing passengers from planes because they were Indigenous.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Most complaints of discrimination against the airline have been reported as being due to skin color or ethnic origin.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In May 2022, Aeroméxico prevented Nahuatl film maker David Cayetano from boarding a plane to Australia, where he was to present his film "Tsontiajakatl, el último viento" (Tsontiajakatl, the Last Wind). Aeroméxico falsely claimed that Cayetano did not have the required vaccines, leading to accusations that he was instead prevented from flying due to his indigenous ethnicity.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> A significant number of complaints emerged in August 2022 after a video of indigenous family being removed from a flight was shared on social media. The father of the family claimed he was removed "because of his appearance", though that cannot be heard in the video. Aeroméxico did not comment on the incident.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Chat platform

In September 2016, Aeroméxico became the first airline in the Americas to launch a chatbot, that enables customers to search, track and book flights interacting with a virtual assistant on Facebook Messenger.<ref>Template:Cite press release</ref> During the Facebook F8 conference in April 2017, the airline earned praise from Facebook for being among the first companies worldwide to launch the Chat Extension function, allowing users to pull up Aerobot during a group chat. It also launched the ability to ask any question, using artificial intelligence and natural language processing techniques to match the questions with answers.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

In September 2017, Aeroméxico announced that it would be among the first companies worldwide to start services on WhatsApp's new Enterprise solution – the first time large companies would be able to provide customer service to users at scale.<ref name="whatsapp.com">Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In February 2018, the company announced development of further features together with its partner Yalochat, such as purchase confirmation and flight notifications via WhatsApp, and deepening the artificial intelligence used on its chat platform.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Destinations

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New destinations

In an attempt to gain more worldwide presence and strengthen its network and to make connections easier and more frequent, Aeroméxico entered new international markets. In 2006, it started operations to Tokyo from Mexico City via Tijuana. Service to Shanghai from Mexico City via Tijuana began in May 2008. New destinations in 2015–2016 included Panama City (Panama), Santo Domingo, Vancouver, Toronto, Boston, Medellín, Amsterdam, Cozumel, and Austin (Texas).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The airline launched service to Seoul from Mexico City (with a stop in Monterrey only on the outbound flight) on 1 July 2017.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref name=AMX-ICN2>Template:Cite web</ref>

In the first year of the Delta–Aeroméxico joint venture (June 2017–June 2018) the companies worked to enhance connectivity between Mexico and the U.S., and launched new Aeroméxico or Delta flights, or additional frequencies, on Los Angeles–Cabo San Lucas, New York JFK–Cancun, Detroit–León, Atlanta–Mérida, Seattle–Mexico City, Atlanta–Querétaro, Atlanta–León, Portland–Mexico City, Los Angeles–Leon, Atlanta–Guadalajara, and Guadalajara–Salt Lake City.<ref>Template:Cite press release</ref>

In 2023, Aeroméxico resumed flights to Rome<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and in June 2024 to Barcelona.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Codeshare agreements

Aeroméxico codeshares with the following airlines:<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

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Aerolíneas Argentinas
Air Europa
Air France
Avianca<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
China Airlines
China Eastern Airlines
Copa Airlines
Delta Air Lines (joint venture partner)
El Al
Garuda Indonesia
Gol Linhas Aéreas Inteligentes
ITA Airways<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Japan Airlines<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Kenya Airways
KLM
Korean Air
LATAM
Middle East Airlines
Saudia
Scandinavian Airlines
TAROM
Vietnam Airlines
Virgin Atlantic
WestJet
XiamenAir

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Fleet

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File:Aeromexico 737.png

Aeroméxico Boeing 737-800 in its new livery.

File:N965AM (11569029283).jpg

Aeroméxico Boeing 787-8.

Current fleet

Template:As of, Aeroméxico operates an all-Boeing mainline fleet composed of the following aircraft:Template:Cn

Aircraft	In fleet	Orders	Passengers				Notes
Aircraft	In fleet	Orders	J	Y+	Y	Total	Notes
Boeing 737-800	34	—	16	18	126	160
Template:Nowrap	42	3	16	18	132	166
Boeing 737 MAX 9	25	5	16	18	147	181
Boeing 787-8	8	—	32	9	202	243
Boeing 787-9	14	2	36	27	211	274	One aircraft (XA-ADL) in Quetzalcoatl special livery.
Total	123	10

Not included are the fleets of subsidiary brand Aeroméxico Connect.

Former fleet

Aeroméxico also formerly operated the following aircraft types:Template:Cn